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✦ Guides
Everything You Need to Know
In-depth guides for smarter financial decisions
🧾 GST in India — Complete Guide
GST (Goods & Services Tax) replaced over 17 indirect taxes in India from July 2017. It has 4 main slabs: 5%, 12%, 18%, and 28%. Most services fall under 18%.
GST Amount = (Original Cost × GST%) ÷ 100
Total Price = Original Cost + GST Amount
- CGST + SGST: For intra-state transactions — split equally between Centre and State
- IGST: For inter-state transactions — goes entirely to Centre
- Businesses with turnover above ₹40 lakhs must register for GST
📋 TDS & TCS — Key Differences
TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) is deducted by the payer before making a payment. For example, if you hire a professional and pay ₹1 lakh, you deduct 10% TDS (₹10,000) and pay ₹90,000.
TCS (Tax Collected at Source) is collected by the seller from the buyer. For example, a car dealer collects 1% TCS on vehicles above ₹10 lakhs.
- TDS must be deposited to government by 7th of next month
- Form 26AS shows all TDS/TCS credits in your account
- You can claim TDS as credit while filing ITR
📊 IRR vs NPV — Which to Use?
Both IRR and NPV help evaluate investment decisions but serve different purposes.
NPV = Σ [Cash Flow / (1 + r)^t] − Initial Investment
IRR = Rate at which NPV = 0
- NPV > 0: Project adds value — accept it
- IRR > Cost of Capital: Project is profitable
- Use NPV when comparing projects of different sizes
- Use IRR when comparing % returns across investments
👨💼 Understanding Your Salary Slip
Your CTC (Cost to Company) is always higher than your take-home salary. Here's what gets deducted:
- PF (Provident Fund): 12% of basic salary — you and employer both contribute
- ESI: 0.75% of gross salary (if salary < ₹21,000/month)
- TDS: Income tax deducted based on your tax slab
- HRA Exemption: Up to 50% of basic (metro) or 40% (non-metro) is tax-free
✦ FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
Quick answers to common questions
Is PaisaCalc completely free? +
Yes, 100% free forever. All 11 calculators are available without any signup or subscription. We are supported by non-intrusive advertising.
What GST rate applies to my business? +
Most services fall under 18%. Essential food items are at 5% or 0%. Luxury goods like cars and cigarettes are at 28%. Check the GST council's HSN/SAC code list for your specific product or service.
How is TDS calculated on salary? +
TDS on salary is calculated based on your estimated annual income and applicable income tax slab. Your employer divides the total annual tax liability by 12 and deducts it monthly. You can reduce TDS by declaring investments under 80C, 80D, HRA, etc.
What is a good IRR for a business investment? +
Generally, an IRR above your cost of capital or the prevailing FD rate (7-8%) is considered good. For startups, investors typically expect IRR of 25-30%+. For real estate, 12-15% IRR is considered healthy in India.
Does my data get stored anywhere? +
No. All calculations run entirely in your browser using JavaScript. We do not send any data to our servers. Your financial information stays completely private.
How is net take-home salary calculated? +
Net Take-Home = Gross Salary − (PF + ESI + TDS + Other Deductions). Gross Salary = Basic + HRA + DA + TA + Other Allowances. Your CTC is higher than gross because it includes employer's PF contribution and other benefits.